parse

To break (a sentence) down into its component parts of speech with an explanation of the form, function, and syntactical relationship of each part.

To describe (a word) by stating its part of speech, form, and syntactical relationships in a sentence.

To process (linguistic data such as speech or written language) in real time as it is being spoken or read, in order to determine its linguistic structure and meaning.

To examine closely or subject to detailed analysis, especially by breaking up into components.

To make sense of; comprehend.